The concept of states and capitals in India began to solidify during the Indian freedom movement. As the nation prepared for independence, princely states across the Indian subcontinent signed treaties to form a unified country based on shared ideals and aspirations. This laid the foundation for modern India—a secular, sovereign republic with a democratic constitution. At the time of independence in 1947, India comprised 552 princely states. Over time, new states and capitals were created, often based on linguistic and regional identities, giving rise to the current landscape of states and capitals.
India now consists of 28 states (not 29, after Jammu and Kashmir's reorganization in 2019). Below is a list of the 28 states and their capitals:
| State | Capital | Interesting Facts |
|---|---|---|
| Andhra Pradesh | Amaravati | Amaravati is known for its ancient Buddhist heritage and the stunning Amaravati Stupa. |
| Arunachal Pradesh | Itanagar | Itanagar is the only state capital in India that is situated at a height of over 1,000 meters. |
| Assam | Dispur | Assam is famous for its tea gardens, and Dispur is the smallest state capital in India. |
| Bihar | Patna | Patna is one of the oldest continuously inhabited places in the world, with a history spanning over 2,500 years. |
| Chhattisgarh | Raipur | Raipur is known as the "Rice Bowl of India" due to its extensive rice production. |
| Goa | Panaji | Panaji, also known as Panjim, is famous for its Portuguese colonial architecture and vibrant nightlife. |
| Gujarat | Gandhinagar | Gandhinagar is one of the few planned cities in India and houses the world's largest statue, the Statue of Unity. |
| Haryana | Chandigarh | Chandigarh is a Union Territory and the first planned city in India, designed by the famous architect Le Corbusier. |
| Himachal Pradesh | Shimla | Shimla served as the summer capital of British India and is known for its scenic beauty and pleasant climate. |
| Jharkhand | Ranchi | Ranchi is known as the "City of Waterfalls," with over 100 waterfalls in the surrounding area. |
| Karnataka | Bengaluru | Bengaluru, also called the "Silicon Valley of India," is a major tech hub and home to numerous startups. |
| Kerala | Thiruvananthapuram | Thiruvananthapuram is known for its rich cultural heritage and is home to the famous Padmanabhaswamy Temple. |
| Madhya Pradesh | Bhopal | Bhopal is known as the "City of Lakes" for its numerous natural and artificial lakes. |
| Maharashtra | Mumbai | Mumbai is the financial capital of India and is home to Bollywood, the Hindi film industry. |
| Manipur | Imphal | Imphal is famous for its rich culture, including traditional Manipuri dance and martial arts. |
| Meghalaya | Shillong | Shillong is often called the "Scotland of India" due to its rolling hills and picturesque landscapes. |
| Mizoram | Aizawl | Aizawl is known for its vibrant tribal culture and is home to various indigenous communities. |
| Nagaland | Kohima | Kohima is famous for the Hornbill Festival, celebrating the culture of Naga tribes. |
| Odisha | Bhubaneswar | Bhubaneswar is known as the "Temple City of India" due to its ancient temples and architecture. |
| Punjab | Chandigarh | Punjab is known for its vibrant culture, particularly its music and dance forms, like Bhangra. |
| Rajasthan | Jaipur | Jaipur, also known as the "Pink City," is famous for its historic palaces and forts. |
| Sikkim | Gangtok | Gangtok is known for its stunning views of the Kanchenjunga mountain range, the third highest in the world. |
| Tamil Nadu | Chennai | Chennai is the cultural capital of South India, known for its classical music and dance forms. |
| Telangana | Hyderabad | Hyderabad is famous for its rich history, delicious biryani, and the iconic Charminar. |
| Tripura | Agartala | Agartala is known for its beautiful temples and is the second smallest state in India. |
| Uttar Pradesh | Lucknow | Lucknow is renowned for its rich history, especially the Awadhi culture, and is known for its kebabs. |
| Uttarakhand | Dehradun | Dehradun is known as the "Gateway to the Himalayas" and is a popular destination for trekking and adventure sports. |
| West Bengal | Kolkata | Kolkata is famous for its colonial architecture, cultural festivals, and as the birthplace of Rabindranath Tagore. |
Additionally, Delhi is the National Capital Territory (NCT) and serves as the capital of India.
India's political map has evolved over time, with changes in state boundaries and capitals. Some notable changes include:
The choice of a capital is based on several factors, including geographical location, political significance, and historical context. In India, capitals are often located centrally within the state to ensure accessibility for residents and administrative ease.
For example, Chandigarh was chosen as the capital for both Punjab and Haryana due to its neutral location, preventing any one of the states from having a geographic advantage.
As of 2025, India has 28 states and 8 union territories. Each state and union territory has a capital, and many of these capitals have deep historical and cultural significance. Explore the complete list and learn about their origins, historical relevance, and key features.
The idea of Indian states and capitals traces back to the Indian freedom struggle. As the country moved towards independence, princely states merged to form a unified nation. At independence, India had 552 princely states. Over time, states were reorganized based on linguistic and cultural identities, leading to the formation of new states and capitals. This reorganization reflects India’s complex historical evolution and diversity.
India has 9 union territories, each administered directly by the central government. These are:
In 1956, there were 14 states and 6 union territories in India. Over the decades, more states were created, and as of 2025, India has 28 states and 9 union territories. The reorganization of states was driven primarily by linguistic and cultural factors. For instance, states like Telangana and Andhra Pradesh share the Telugu language, and Jharkhand was separated from Bihar but shares a similar culture and languages.
The states and capitals of India reflect the country’s rich history, cultural diversity, and political evolution. Whether it’s the stunning landscapes of the northern regions, the vibrant traditions of the west, or the historic significance of the southern states, each state contributes uniquely to the Indian union.
Also Read: How to write an informal letter
Leave Application Letter and 100+ Templates
10 Complaint Letter Formats / Samples
Business Letter Format: Overview, Structure, and Formats
Explore Related Blogs:
JAIN PU College, a part of the renowned JGI Group, is committed to empowering students with quality education. Beyond academics, the college ensures its online content reflects the same standard of excellence. Every blog and article is meticulously vetted and proofread by subject matter experts to ensure accuracy, relevance, and clarity. From insightful educational topics to engaging discussions, JAIN PU College's content is crafted to inform, inspire, and add value to its readers, reflecting the institution's commitment to intellectual growth and innovation.
View all Blogs
