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There are simple steps and an effective structured format which need to be followed while writing a formal letter:

• Plan Your Message
• Start With a Proper Format
• Craft a Clear Opening
• Develop the Body
• Conclude Effectively
• Have a quick Review

Letter of Enquiry, Letter of Complaint,  Order Letter, Sales Letter, Promotion Letter, and Recovery Letter are some different types of formal letters.

A formal letter is usually written for official purposes, which emphasise clarity, accuracy, and professionalism, while informal letters are written for personal or social purposes which prioritise emotional expression and emotional tone.

Both formal and informal letters are written forms of communication and both letters require proper salutations or greetings to address the recipient.

Yours truly, Yours sincerely, With sincere appreciation and with sincere thanks can be used as a complementary closure in the formal letters.

An effective ending to a formal letter should be in a polite and professional tone. While concluding or closing any formal letter, always be respectful and avoid slang, informal expressions, or being too casual.

A business letter is a type of formal letter that is written to convey confidential information and messages by an organisation or company to communicate professionally with clients, shareholders, investors, customers, other companies, etc.

The end of the formal letter may include specific requests, instructions, or action items.

An effective ending to a formal letter does matter because it is a closing or conclusion of the message in your letter which leaves the overall impression. The conclusion or the ending of a formal letter sets the tone for future communications, builds rapport with the recipient, or strengthens an existing relationship and a well-crafted ending can help guide your recipient on what to do next.

Answer: Writing an informal invitation letter follows a general informal letter format. Here is the simple format of an informal Invitation Letter:

Date

[Recipient’s Name]

[Recipient’sAddress]

Greetings

Body of the letter

Kind regards,

Signature

A Birthday Invitation Letter is a type of informal invitation letter and it can be written in a more relaxed tone and follows the general format.

Here is a sample letter of a Birthday Invitation Letter:

Plot No 248,

3rd main road, 7th Block

Jayanagar, 

Bengaluru, Karnataka 560082

 25th Nov 2024

Savita

No-11-13-1056/2,

1st main road, 

Vasavi Colony, 

Hyderabad - 500009

Dear Savita,

How are you? I am doing well here. I wanted to write this letter to invite you to our son's first birthday on 22nd December 2024 Sunday. 

We have decided to keep a small party including close friends and relatives. Your presence along with your family is also appreciated. It has been a long since we met anyway, everyone will be there and we will have a cosy party at home itself. It would be very nice if you could join us and make this event more memorable.

Waiting for your presence. 

With Love,

Sita.

A Teachers Day Invitation Letter should include the event's date, time, and venue of the celebrating teachers day. While writing a Teachers Day Invitation Letter, always use the tone respectful and appreciative.

The primary goal of writing an invitation letter is to have an idea about the total number of guests arriving for an event.

Whether it is a formal or informal invitation letter both include the event's date, time, location as well as the reason for the event and special instructions or dress code if any.

An invitation letter allows the host to better manage the event by allowing them to make appropriate arrangements.

The main difference between a formal and informal invitation letter is the tone and level of formality.

The formal invitation letter uses a professional tone and follows the general format of a formal letter.

An informal invitation letter uses a more relaxed tone and follows the general format of an informal letter.

The three main differences between a Formal and an Informal Invitation Letter are:

1. A formal invitation letter is written to an honouree.
2. An informal invitation letter is written in the first person (I/we).

1. The salutation used in a formal invitation letter is Respected Sir/Madam.
2. The salutation used in an informal invitation letter is Dear Sir/Madam.

1. A formal invitation letter is written formally or professionally.
2. An informal invitation letter is written in a more positive and relaxed tone.

It is a formal document that communicates the beginning of a notice period between an employee and their employer.

It is a formal document that professionals can use to request permission to apply for any planned leave

Here is an example of a notice provided by the Chairman of Ganga Co-operative Housing Society on the occasion of the New Year.

Chairman,

C/O Ganga Co-operative Housing Society

Vijayanagar

Bengaluru, Karnataka 560072

25th November 2025.

Dear Residentials,

Subject: [Diwali Gathering]

On the auspicious occasion of New Year, the Society will be organising a gathering followed by dinner, games and some cultural events.

All members of the society are requested to attend the event in the clubhouse of the society at 8:00 pm on the 31st of December 2024 at 8 pm.

Thanking You,

Yours Sincerely

Chairman of Ganga Co-operative Housing Society.

It is a form of a resignation letter that informs an employer of an employee's intent to resign without completing the notice period resigning from the current position within less than the standard two weeks' notice.

Some of the main types of notices include:

• Event notices
• Public notices
• Circular notices
• Invitation notices
• Resignation letter
• Lost and found notices and more

Writing an apology letter for an absence from work without notice should include:

• Expressing your apology
• Show your willingness to improve
• Explain the situation and the reason for your absence
• Explain how you plan to make up for the missed work
• Apologise for any inconvenience your absence may have caused
• Use sincere and respectful language, and remain understanding.

Absolutely! Success depends on your skills, determination, and passion, not just academic performance.

Vocational courses are ideal for hands-on learners and those seeking immediate employment.

You can explore graphic design, writing, photography, or music as creative career paths.

Take aptitude tests, seek guidance from counsellors, and explore your interests to identify the right path.

Yes, with vocational training or an apprenticeship, you can enter the workforce directly after 10th.

No. A Representative Authorisation Letter and a general Authorisation Letter serve similar purposes, but they differ slightly in their context and usage:

The Authorisation Letter should be written in a formal business tone.

No. The authorisation letter does not require any notarisation.

Yes, the Authorisation letter format is recognised globally. In some cases, the format and the requirements of an Authorisation letter can vary from one country to another country.

Here are some top essential tips to be followed while crafting an Authorisation Letter:

• Always be precise about the tasks and timeline.
• Keep it concise and free from unnecessary details.
• Include a copy of your ID to validate authenticity.
• Retain a copy of the Authorisation letter for your records.

You can take aptitude tests, consult career counsellors, and explore your interests to find the right stream.

Yes, Commerce offers excellent career opportunities in finance, accounting, and management.

Yes, students from the Science stream can switch to Commerce or Arts for higher studies.

Vocational courses are beneficial for students looking for skill-based careers with quick employment options.

Polytechnic courses, ITI programs, and diplomas in fields like engineering, hospitality, and healthcare are excellent options.

Cracking JEE Mains on the first attempt requires a strategic approach. Here are key steps to follow:

• Understand the Syllabus: Go through the full syllabus of JEE Mains and focus on topics with higher weightage.
• Time Management: Develop a study schedule and stick to it. Allocate time for all subjects (Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics).
• Conceptual Clarity: Focus on understanding the core concepts rather than rote learning. This will help in solving complex problems.
• Practice Regularly: Solve previous years' papers, mock exams, and practice questions regularly to improve your problem-solving speed and accuracy.
• Stay Consistent: Consistency in preparation is crucial. Avoid distractions and stay focused on your goals.
• Revision: Make sure to revise regularly, especially as the exam date nears. This will help reinforce concepts and formulas.

The 80/20 rule (also known as the Pareto Principle) can be applied to JEE Mains preparation. It suggests that 80% of the results come from 20% of the efforts. In the context of JEE Mains:

• Focus on High-Yield Topics: Identify the 20% of topics that carry 80% of the weight in the exam. Focus on these core topics in Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics, such as:
  • Physics: Mechanics, Electricity & Magnetism, Optics
  • Chemistry: Physical Chemistry (e.g., Mole Concept, Thermodynamics), Organic Chemistry (e.g., Hydrocarbons)
  • Mathematics: Algebra, Calculus, Coordinate Geometry
• Smart Study: Don’t waste time on low-yield topics. Prioritise your time to master these crucial topics and practise extensively.

Here are some valuable tips for cracking the IIT-JEE:

• Start Early: Begin your preparation as early as possible. Ideally, start in Year 11 to give yourself ample time to cover the syllabus.
• Master the Basics: Strong foundational knowledge is key. Focus on understanding basic concepts, as they will help in solving more advanced problems.
• Regular Mock Exams: Take regular mock exams to simulate exam conditions and identify weak areas. This will help you manage time during the actual exam.
• Avoid Procrastination: Stick to your study schedule and avoid last-minute cramming. It’s important to stay disciplined throughout your preparation.
• Use Quality Study Materials: Choose the right books and resources. NCERT textbooks are essential, but also consider additional resources like IIT-JEE preparation books.
• Stay Positive and Healthy: Mental and physical health are vital. Take breaks, exercise, and eat healthily to keep your body and mind in good shape.
• Analyse Mistakes: After every mock exam or practice session, analyse your mistakes and work on them. This will help you avoid repeating them in the future.

A 99.5 percentile in JEE Mains typically corresponds to a rank in the range of 5,000 to 10,000. However, the exact rank can vary each year based on factors such as the total number of candidates and the difficulty level of the exam. Below is an estimate based on previous years:

• 99.5 percentile: Approximately 5,000 to 10,000 rank.
• 99 percentile: Approximately 10,000 to 20,000 rank.

A school leave application should include the date, recipient’s address, subject, salutation, body, and closing with your signature.

Yes, parents often write leave applications, especially for younger students or in case of emergencies.

Yes, most schools require leave applications for both short and long absences to maintain records.

Respect the decision and try to negotiate by explaining the urgency or offering a compromise.

While the general structure remains the same, customise the content based on the reason for leave.

While the general structure remains the same, customise the content based on the reason for leave.

For planned leaves, submit the application at least a week in advance. For emergencies, inform the school as soon as possible.

Answer: Yes. A strong foundation in the basic concepts is crucial for success in the NEET exam. NEET is a highly competitive exam that tests a candidate’s understanding of the core concepts. Thus, prioritise understanding the topics thoroughly.

Answer: Time management is especially essential during NEET exam preparations. Most NEET candidates struggle to find time to manage their daily commitments, coaching sessions, and academic work. Thus, create a detailed study schedule and stick to it. Devote time to each subject equally and achieve success.

Answer: By following a structured approach, practising the previous year’s question papers and mock tests and staying consistent, you can enhance your chances of securing a good rank in NEET 2025 and pursuing your dream career in the medical field.

Answer: Yes. Regularly solving mock tests and practising the previous year’s question papers will help students understand the exam pattern, manage time effectively, and boost their confidence.

Answer: Yes. The NCERT textbooks are crucial for NEET 2025 as they contain most exam topics. For Biology, Chemistry, and Physics, the NCERT textbooks are more necessary. At the same time, students are also advised to refer to other reference books, model question papers, and question papers from previous years for a deeper understanding.

Dr. Manmohan Singh belongs to the Indian National Congress party.

Congress and its United Progressive Alliance won the general elections in 2004 and 2009, and Manmohan Singh served as prime minister between 2004 and 2014.

One of his most defining foreign policy achievements was the Civil Nuclear Agreement signed with the United States in 2008. This agreement, which allowed India to access civilian nuclear technology and fuel, was a significant diplomatic win, marking India’s growing stature as a global power.

Dr. Manmohan Singh is the chief architect of economic reforms, particularly the LPG (Liberalisation, Privatisation, and Globalisation) policy in the 1990s, transforming India's economic trajectory.

Dr. Manmohan Singh was an Indian politician, economist, academic, and bureaucrat, who served as the 13th prime minister of India from 2004 to 2014.

Dr. Manmohan Singh’s leadership journey took a significant leap in 2004, when he became the Prime Minister of India after the Indian National Congress formed a coalition government with the United Progressive Alliance (UPA). Despite not being the head of the Congress Party, his appointment reflected his immense credibility as an economist and his ability to manage India’s complex political system.

The Joint Entrance Examination (JEE) is the gateway to the best engineering institutions in India, with millions of students vying for a spot in top colleges like the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs), National Institutes of Technology (NITs), and other prestigious institutions.

Yes. According to the National Testing Agency (NTA), the examination date for JEE Advanced-2025 will be held on May 18, 2025. JEE Advanced-2025 Paper 1: 9:00 AM - 12:00 PM JEE Advanced-2025 Paper 2: 2:30 PM - 5:30 PM

Yes. National Testing Agency (NTA) has announced the release date for the JEE Mains admit card 2025, According to NTA: JEE Mains 2025 Admit Card Release Date for: Session 1 is on January 20th, 2025 Session 2 is on March 31st, 2025

According to the previous year's question papers pattern, some of the Chemistry’s high-weightage chapters for JEE Mains include: Atomic structure, Chemical Bonding, Chemical and ionic equilibrium, Solid-State And Surface Chemistry, Nuclear and Environmental Chemistry, Thermodynamics, the Gaseous State, Transition Element and coordination Compounds, Periodic table, and p-block Elements.

Yes. Cracking the JEE Mains in one month is a challenging task. But it is possible with well-planned and effective preparation. The key to success in such a short time frame lies in effective time management, understanding key concepts, and maximising the number of practice tests and revisions.

Students appearing for JEE mains 2025 must start preparation by following a scheduled plan, focusing on developing time management skills, and maintaining discipline. Here are some of the crucial tips for JEE mains 2025, which aspirants have to focus on while starting their preparations: Study regularly Refer NCERT Textbooks Create an effective study plan Check for the JEE Mains syllabus Develop clarity of concept Practice JEE mains mock tests Collect all the relevant study materials Solve more numbers of JEE Mains's previous year's question papers.

An informal letter includes: Sender’s address Date Greeting Introduction Body Conclusion Signature

Begin with a friendly greeting and inquire about the recipient’s well-being before introducing the purpose of the letter.

A formal letter is professional and concise, while an informal letter is personal and conversational, covering a wider range of topics.

National Bird Day 2025 highlights the impact of climate change on bird migration, breeding, and habitats, urging collective action to mitigate its effects.

National Bird Day 2025 highlights the impact of climate change on bird migration, breeding, and habitats, urging collective action to mitigate its effects.

Yes, with advancements in digital outreach, expect webinars, virtual birdwatching tours, and online campaigns for National Bird Day 2025.

Yes, many organisations accept donations to fund habitat restoration, research, and education campaigns dedicated to bird conservation.

In 2025, attention may focus on critically endangered species like the Kakapo, California Condor, or Spoon-billed Sandpiper, depending on ongoing conservation campaigns.

Schools can host educational activities, such as bird art competitions, nature walks, or inviting experts for talks on bird conservation.

Organisations like BirdLife International, the Audubon Society, and WWF are spearheading bird conservation efforts globally in 2025.

National Bird Day 2025 continues to emphasize the urgency of protecting bird populations from threats like climate change, habitat loss, and pollution.

You can participate by joining local birdwatching events, attending conservation workshops, or creating bird-friendly habitats in your area.

The official theme for National Bird Day 2025 has not been announced yet, but the focus is expected to remain on bird conservation and awareness.

National Bird Day 2025 will be celebrated on January 5th, as it is observed annually on this date.