How many countries are there in the world?

There are 195 recognised countries in the world, according to the United Nations. 193 of these are member states of the UN, while two countries are non-member observer states: Vatican City and the State of Palestine.

There are 195 countries in the world today. This includes 193 member states of the United Nations (UN) and 2 observer states, which are the Holy See (Vatican City) and Palestine. These countries are spread across seven continents, with the majority located in Asia and Africa. Each country has its own unique culture, language, and government system. Some countries are large, like Russia, which is the biggest by area, while others, like Vatican City, are very small. Countries also differ in population, with China and India being the most populated. Together, these nations form a diverse and interconnected global community.

List of Countries in the World in Alphabetical Order

List of countries in the world with capitals 

Explanation Briefly About Each Country in World

Afghanistan (Kabul)

Afghanistan, located in South Asia, is known for its breathtaking mountains, historical Silk Road routes, and ancient civilizations. It has faced prolonged conflict but remains culturally rich with diverse traditions, including Pashtun, Tajik, and Hazara cultures.

Albania (Tirana)

Albania, a Balkan country in Southeast Europe, boasts a stunning Adriatic coastline, medieval castles, and a blend of Ottoman, Greek, and Roman heritage. Known for its untouched nature, it offers majestic mountains, serene lakes, and the vibrant city of Tirana.

Algeria (Algiers)

The largest country in Africa, Algeria is home to the vast Sahara Desert, ancient Roman ruins like Timgad, and a thriving oil and gas industry. Its rich cultural history reflects Arab, Berber, and French influences, showcased in its capital, Algiers.

Andorra (Andorra la Vella)

Andorra, nestled in the Pyrenees between France and Spain, is famed for its ski resorts, scenic hiking trails, and duty-free shopping. Despite its small size, this microstate is rich in medieval architecture and has a high standard of living.

Angola (Luanda)

Angola, in southern Africa, is known for its vast natural resources, including oil and diamonds. The country features Portuguese colonial heritage, stunning beaches, and diverse wildlife. Its capital, Luanda, is a hub for culture and modernization.

Antigua and Barbuda (Saint John's)

Antigua and Barbuda, in the Caribbean, are famous for their 365 beaches, one for each day of the year. With a history of British colonization, they feature historic naval sites, vibrant festivals, coral reefs, and an economy driven by tourism.

Argentina (Buenos Aires)

Argentina, in South America, is renowned for tango, gaucho culture, and natural wonders like Patagonia and Iguazu Falls. Its capital, Buenos Aires, is known for European-style architecture, vibrant nightlife, and delicious cuisine, especially beef.

Armenia (Yerevan)

Armenia, in the Caucasus, is one of the oldest Christian nations, known for its ancient monasteries, rugged mountains, and cultural resilience. Its capital, Yerevan, blends history and modernity with vibrant arts scenes and views of Mount Ararat.

Australia (Canberra)

Australia, a continent-country, features iconic landmarks like the Sydney Opera House, the Great Barrier Reef, and Uluru. With unique wildlife, vast deserts, and vibrant cities, it blends Indigenous heritage with a multicultural modern identity.

Austria (Vienna)

Austria, in Central Europe, is famous for its Alpine landscapes, classical music heritage (Mozart, Beethoven), and historic cities like Vienna. Known for high living standards, it boasts cultural treasures like Schönbrunn Palace and lush countryside.

Azerbaijan (Baku)

Azerbaijan, at the crossroads of Europe and Asia, is known as the "Land of Fire" for its natural gas flames. Its capital, Baku, features a mix of futuristic architecture and medieval sites, while the countryside offers mud volcanoes and ancient culture.

Bahamas (Nassau)

The Bahamas is an archipelago of over 700 islands, known for its turquoise waters, white sandy beaches, and vibrant marine life. Tourism drives its economy, and its rich history includes ties to pirates and its role as a British colony.

Bahrain (Manama)

Bahrain, a small island nation in the Persian Gulf, is known for its oil wealth, ancient Dilmun civilization, and modern financial hubs. It offers a mix of historical sites like the Bahrain Fort and a cosmopolitan lifestyle in its capital, Manama.

Bangladesh (Dhaka)

Bangladesh, in South Asia, is a densely populated country known for its lush green landscapes, the Sundarbans mangrove forest, and the Bengal tiger. Its capital, Dhaka, is a vibrant city with a rich cultural heritage and a thriving textile industry.

Barbados (Bridgetown)

Barbados, in the Caribbean, is famous for its beautiful beaches, vibrant festivals, and colonial heritage. Known as the birthplace of rum, it has a thriving tourism industry, offering coral reefs, luxury resorts, and a lively music scene.

Belarus (Minsk)

Belarus, in Eastern Europe, is known for its vast forests, medieval castles, and Soviet-era architecture. Its capital, Minsk, is a hub for culture and history, reflecting the country's resilience and strong traditions despite political challenges.

Belgium (Brussels)

Belgium, in Western Europe, is famous for its medieval towns, Renaissance architecture, and as the headquarters of the European Union. Known for chocolates, waffles, and beer, its capital, Brussels, is a cultural and political powerhouse.

Belize (Belmopan)

Belize, in Central America, is renowned for its stunning barrier reef, Mayan ruins, and diverse ecosystems. Its natural beauty attracts eco-tourists, while its cultural heritage blends Caribbean, Maya, and British influences.

Benin (Porto-Novo)

Benin, in West Africa, is known as the birthplace of Voodoo and for its rich cultural traditions. Its historical sites include the Royal Palaces of Abomey, while its natural parks preserve unique African wildlife.

Bhutan (Thimphu)

Bhutan, a Himalayan kingdom, is famed for its Gross National Happiness philosophy, Buddhist monasteries, and breathtaking landscapes. Its capital, Thimphu, blends tradition with modernity while preserving its unique cultural identity.

Bolivia (Sucre and La Paz)

Bolivia, in South America, is home to stunning natural wonders like Salar de Uyuni (salt flats) and Lake Titicaca. Its diverse culture is deeply rooted in Indigenous traditions, with La Paz and Sucre serving as its political and constitutional capitals.

Bosnia and Herzegovina (Sarajevo)

Bosnia and Herzegovina, in the Balkans, boasts scenic mountains, Ottoman-era architecture, and rich history. Its capital, Sarajevo, is often called the "Jerusalem of Europe" for its religious diversity and historical significance.

Botswana (Gaborone)

Botswana, in southern Africa, is renowned for its wildlife and conservation efforts. The Okavango Delta and Chobe National Park are iconic, attracting safari enthusiasts. Its capital, Gaborone, is a growing economic hub.

Brazil (Brasília)

Brazil, the largest country in South America, is famous for the Amazon rainforest, Carnival festivals, and football (soccer). Its capital, Brasília, is known for its modernist architecture, while Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo showcase vibrant culture.

Brunei (Bandar Seri Begawan)

Brunei, a small yet wealthy nation on Borneo island, is known for its oil and gas reserves. Its capital, Bandar Seri Begawan, features opulent mosques and royal palaces, reflecting the country’s Islamic heritage and economic prosperity.

Bulgaria (Sofia)

Bulgaria, in Southeast Europe, is rich in history, offering ancient Thracian ruins, medieval monasteries, and scenic mountains. Its capital, Sofia, combines historical landmarks with modern developments, making it a vibrant cultural center.

Burkina Faso (Ouagadougou)

Burkina Faso, in West Africa, is known for its vibrant arts scene, traditional music, and cultural festivals like FESPACO (film festival). Its capital, Ouagadougou, is a hub for creativity and resilience despite economic challenges.

Burundi (Gitega)

Burundi, in East Africa, is a small landlocked country with a rich cultural heritage. Known for its traditional drumming and dance, it is also home to Lake Tanganyika, one of the deepest lakes in the world.

Cabo Verde (Praia)

Cabo Verde, an island nation in the Atlantic Ocean, is known for its Creole culture, stunning beaches, and volcanic landscapes. Tourism and music, especially morna, play vital roles in its economy and cultural identity.

Cambodia (Phnom Penh)

Cambodia, in Southeast Asia, is famed for the Angkor Wat temple complex, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Its history is shaped by the Khmer Empire and modern struggles, with its capital, Phnom Penh, showcasing resilience and growth.

Cameroon (Yaoundé)

Cameroon, in Central Africa, is called "Africa in Miniature" for its diverse landscapes and cultures. It features beaches, rainforests, and savannas, with Yaoundé serving as the political and cultural heart.

Canada (Ottawa)

Canada, the second-largest country in the world, is known for its natural beauty, including forests, mountains, and lakes. Its multicultural cities like Toronto and Vancouver, along with Ottawa's political significance, define its identity.

Central African Republic (Bangui)

The Central African Republic is rich in natural resources and biodiversity, with dense rainforests and savannas. Its capital, Bangui, reflects the nation’s challenges and efforts toward stability and development.

Chad (N'Djamena)

Chad, in Central Africa, is home to the Sahara Desert, Lake Chad, and rich cultural traditions. Its capital, N'Djamena, is a growing center for trade and administration despite the country’s ongoing challenges.

Chile (Santiago)

Chile, a long, narrow country in South America, is renowned for its Andes mountains, Atacama Desert, and rich wine culture. Its capital, Santiago, is a dynamic city with a mix of modern skyscrapers and colonial heritage.

China (Beijing)

China, the most populous country, is known for its ancient civilization, landmarks like the Great Wall, and rapid modernization. Its capital, Beijing, blends history and progress with iconic sites like the Forbidden City.

Colombia (Bogotá)

Colombia, in South America, is famous for its coffee, vibrant music, and biodiversity. Bogotá, its capital, is a cultural hub with museums, historic neighborhoods, and a growing urban scene.

Comoros (Moroni)

Comoros, an island nation in the Indian Ocean, is known for its volcanic islands, aromatic plantations, and rich cultural mix of African, Arab, and French influences. Its capital, Moroni, reflects this diversity.

Congo (Congo-Brazzaville) (Brazzaville)

The Republic of Congo, in Central Africa, is known for its rainforests, wildlife reserves, and rich oil resources. Its capital, Brazzaville, lies on the Congo River and reflects French colonial heritage alongside modern development.

Costa Rica (San José)

Costa Rica, in Central America, is renowned for its biodiversity, eco-tourism, and commitment to sustainability. Its capital, San José, is a cultural and political center with museums, parks, and vibrant local traditions.

Croatia (Zagreb)

Croatia, in Southeast Europe, boasts a stunning Adriatic coastline, medieval cities, and natural parks like Plitvice Lakes. Zagreb, its capital, is known for its historic architecture, lively markets, and cultural festivals.

Cuba (Havana)

Cuba, a Caribbean island nation, is famous for its vintage cars, cigars, and revolutionary history. Havana, its vibrant capital, is a cultural hub with colonial architecture, lively music, and a rich arts scene.

Cyprus (Nicosia)

Cyprus, in the eastern Mediterranean, is known for its beautiful beaches, ancient ruins, and strategic location. Nicosia, its divided capital, symbolizes the island's complex political history and cultural diversity.

Czechia (Czech Republic) (Prague)

Czechia, in Central Europe, is renowned for its medieval castles, beer culture, and vibrant traditions. Prague, its capital, is a historic gem with iconic landmarks like Charles Bridge and Prague Castle.

Denmark (Copenhagen)

Denmark, a Scandinavian nation, is known for its high quality of life, innovative design, and Viking heritage. Copenhagen, its capital, offers a mix of historic charm, modern architecture, and a focus on sustainability.

Djibouti (Djibouti City)

Djibouti, in the Horn of Africa, is strategically located on the Red Sea. Known for its salt lakes, volcanic landscapes, and unique marine biodiversity, its capital, Djibouti City, is a key port and trade hub.

Dominica (Roseau)

Dominica, a Caribbean island, is called the "Nature Isle" for its lush rainforests, hot springs, and volcanic landscapes. Roseau, its capital, is a charming town with colorful buildings and a laid-back atmosphere.

Dominican Republic (Santo Domingo)

The Dominican Republic, on Hispaniola island, is famous for its beaches, resorts, and vibrant culture. Santo Domingo, its capital, is the oldest European city in the Americas and a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Ecuador (Quito)

Ecuador, in South America, is known for the Galápagos Islands, Andean mountains, and Amazon rainforest. Quito, its capital, is a high-altitude city with well-preserved colonial architecture and rich history.

Egypt (Cairo)

Egypt, in North Africa, is famous for its ancient civilization, the pyramids of Giza, and the Nile River. Cairo, its bustling capital, is a vibrant city blending history with modernity, featuring landmarks like the Egyptian Museum.

El Salvador (San Salvador)

El Salvador, in Central America, is the smallest country in the region, known for its volcanoes, coffee plantations, and Pacific coastline. San Salvador, its capital, is a dynamic city with a mix of history and modern culture.

Equatorial Guinea (Malabo)

Equatorial Guinea, in Central Africa, is rich in oil and gas. Its capital, Malabo, is located on Bioko Island and features Spanish colonial architecture and lush surroundings.

Eritrea (Asmara)

Eritrea, in the Horn of Africa, is known for its Red Sea coastline, cultural diversity, and Italian-influenced architecture. Asmara, its capital, is a UNESCO-listed city with a blend of modernist and colonial charm.

Estonia (Tallinn)

Estonia, in Northern Europe, is a tech-savvy country known for its digital innovation and medieval charm. Tallinn, its capital, features a beautifully preserved Old Town, cobblestone streets, and a thriving cultural scene.

Eswatini (formerly Swaziland) (Mbabane and Lobamba)

Eswatini, in southern Africa, is known for its traditional Swazi culture, wildlife reserves, and scenic mountains. Mbabane serves as its administrative capital, while Lobamba is the cultural and legislative center.

Ethiopia (Addis Ababa)

Ethiopia, in East Africa, is one of the oldest nations, known for its ancient history, coffee origin, and diverse landscapes. Addis Ababa, its capital, is the political hub of Africa and home to the African Union.

Fiji (Suva)

Fiji, an archipelago in the South Pacific, is renowned for its tropical islands, coral reefs, and vibrant culture. Suva, its capital, is a bustling city that blends colonial history with a laid-back island lifestyle.

Finland (Helsinki)

Finland, in Northern Europe, is famous for its forests, lakes, and the Northern Lights. Helsinki, its capital, is a city of modern design, innovative technology, and high quality of life.

France (Paris)

France, in Western Europe, is renowned for its art, culture, wine, and cuisine. Paris, its iconic capital, is known as the "City of Light" and features landmarks like the Eiffel Tower, Louvre Museum, and Notre-Dame.

Gabon (Libreville)

Gabon, in Central Africa, is rich in rainforests, wildlife, and oil resources. Libreville, its capital, is a modern city with a blend of French colonial heritage and vibrant local culture.

Gambia (Banjul)

The Gambia, the smallest country in mainland Africa, is known for its riverine ecosystems, wildlife, and warm hospitality. Banjul, its capital, is a port city with historical significance and cultural vibrancy.

Georgia (Tbilisi)

Georgia, at the crossroads of Europe and Asia, is known for its stunning landscapes, ancient winemaking traditions, and vibrant culture. Tbilisi, its capital, features a mix of modern and historic architecture.

Germany (Berlin)

Germany, in Central Europe, is an economic powerhouse known for its history, art, and innovation. Berlin, its capital, blends a rich historical legacy with a modern, cosmopolitan vibe.

Ghana (Accra)

Ghana, in West Africa, is known for its gold, cocoa production, and rich cultural heritage. Accra, its capital, is a bustling city with vibrant markets, historical forts, and welcoming people.

Greece (Athens)

Greece, in Southern Europe, is the birthplace of democracy, philosophy, and the Olympic Games. Known for its ancient ruins like the Acropolis, stunning islands, and Mediterranean cuisine, Athens, its capital, combines historical wonders with modern vibrancy.

Grenada (St. George's)

Grenada, a Caribbean nation, is known as the "Spice Island" for its production of nutmeg and mace. Its capital, St. George's, features colorful colonial buildings, a scenic harbor, and lush tropical landscapes.

Guatemala (Guatemala City)

Guatemala, in Central America, is famed for its Mayan ruins, volcanic landscapes, and vibrant indigenous culture. Guatemala City, its capital, is a bustling urban center with museums and markets reflecting the country's rich history.

Guinea (Conakry)

Guinea, in West Africa, is rich in natural resources, particularly bauxite and gold. Its capital, Conakry, lies on the Atlantic coast and is known for its vibrant markets and cultural traditions.

Guinea-Bissau (Bissau)

Guinea-Bissau, in West Africa, is known for its archipelago of the Bijagós Islands and diverse cultures. Bissau, its capital, is a port city that retains traces of Portuguese colonial history.

Guyana (Georgetown)

Guyana, in South America, is known for its rainforests, waterfalls like Kaieteur Falls, and rich biodiversity. Georgetown, its capital, showcases colonial architecture and a vibrant Creole culture.

Haiti (Port-au-Prince)

Haiti, in the Caribbean, is the first independent Black republic in the world. Known for its vibrant art, music, and historical sites, its capital, Port-au-Prince, is a cultural hub that reflects resilience despite challenges.

Holy See (Vatican City)

The Holy See, a sovereign city-state within Rome, Italy, is the spiritual and administrative center of the Roman Catholic Church. Vatican City is home to iconic landmarks like St. Peter's Basilica and the Sistine Chapel.

Honduras (Tegucigalpa)

Honduras, in Central America, is known for its Mayan ruins, tropical forests, and the Bay Islands. Tegucigalpa, its capital, is a city of colonial heritage and vibrant local culture.

Hungary (Budapest)

Hungary, in Central Europe, is renowned for its thermal baths, castles, and rich history. Budapest, its capital, is divided by the Danube River and features iconic landmarks like Buda Castle and Parliament.

Iceland (Reykjavik)

Iceland, in the North Atlantic, is famous for its volcanic landscapes, geysers, and glaciers. Reykjavik, its capital, is a modern city with vibrant arts, music scenes, and a commitment to renewable energy.

India (New Delhi)

India, in South Asia, is known for its diversity, ancient civilizations, and landmarks like the Taj Mahal. New Delhi, its capital, is a blend of Mughal heritage and modern infrastructure, reflecting the country's dynamic culture.

Indonesia (Jakarta)

Indonesia, an archipelago of over 17,000 islands, is known for its biodiversity, volcanoes, and rich cultural traditions. Jakarta, its bustling capital, is a major economic and cultural hub in Southeast Asia.

Iran (Tehran)

Iran, in the Middle East, is famous for its Persian heritage, including stunning architecture and poetry. Tehran, its capital, blends modern skyscrapers with historical sites like Golestan Palace.

Iraq (Baghdad)

Iraq, in the Middle East, is known for its ancient Mesopotamian history and cultural significance. Baghdad, its capital, has a rich legacy as a center of learning and culture, though it faces modern challenges.

Ireland (Dublin)

Ireland, in Western Europe, is known for its lush landscapes, vibrant music, and literature. Dublin, its capital, is a lively city with a mix of Georgian architecture, pubs, and a strong literary tradition.

Israel (Jerusalem)

Israel, in the Middle East, is known for its historical and religious significance. Jerusalem, its capital, is sacred to Jews, Christians, and Muslims, featuring landmarks like the Western Wall and Dome of the Rock.

Italy (Rome)

Italy, in Southern Europe, is famous for its art, fashion, and cuisine. Rome, its capital, is a historic city with landmarks like the Colosseum, Vatican City, and Trevi Fountain.

Jamaica (Kingston)

Jamaica, a Caribbean island, is renowned for its reggae music, vibrant culture, and stunning beaches. Kingston, its capital, is a cultural hub and the birthplace of Bob Marley, featuring lively music and arts scenes.

Japan (Tokyo)

Japan, an island nation in East Asia, is famous for its technological advancements, cherry blossoms, and traditional culture. Tokyo, its capital, is a bustling metropolis blending ancient temples with futuristic skyscrapers.

Jordan (Amman)

Jordan, in the Middle East, is known for ancient sites like Petra and the Dead Sea. Amman, its capital, is a city of historical landmarks and modern development, offering a mix of old-world charm and vibrant urban life.

Kazakhstan (Astana)

Kazakhstan, in Central Asia, is the largest landlocked country, known for its vast steppes and modern cities. Astana (formerly Nur-Sultan), its capital, showcases futuristic architecture and economic growth.

Kenya (Nairobi)

Kenya, in East Africa, is known for its wildlife safaris, Mount Kenya, and Great Rift Valley. Nairobi, its capital, is a vibrant city and gateway to numerous national parks and cultural experiences.

Kiribati (South Tarawa)

Kiribati, a Pacific island nation, is known for its atolls and marine biodiversity. South Tarawa, its capital, is a cultural and political center with rich traditions and growing challenges from climate change.

Korea, North (Pyongyang)

North Korea, in East Asia, is a reclusive nation known for its strict regime and militarization. Pyongyang, its capital, features grand monuments and tightly controlled cultural displays.

Korea, South (Seoul)

South Korea, in East Asia, is known for its technological innovations, K-pop culture, and historic landmarks. Seoul, its capital, is a bustling metropolis blending modernity with ancient traditions.

Kuwait (Kuwait City)

Kuwait, in the Middle East, is a wealthy nation due to its oil reserves. Kuwait City, its capital, features modern skyscrapers, cultural museums, and traditional markets.

Kyrgyzstan (Bishkek)

Kyrgyzstan, in Central Asia, is known for its stunning mountain landscapes, nomadic traditions, and ancient Silk Road sites. Bishkek, its capital, is a laid-back city with Soviet-era architecture.

Laos (Vientiane)

Laos, in Southeast Asia, is known for its lush landscapes, Buddhist temples, and the Mekong River. Vientiane, its capital, is a serene city featuring landmarks like the Pha That Luang stupa and a relaxed, traditional atmosphere.

Latvia (Riga)

Latvia, in the Baltics, is known for its art nouveau architecture, vast forests, and rich history. Riga, its capital, is a cultural hub with a beautifully preserved old town and vibrant arts scene.

Lebanon (Beirut)

Lebanon, in the Middle East, is a small but culturally rich nation known for its ancient ruins, Mediterranean cuisine, and mountainous landscapes. Beirut, its capital, is a historic and modern city often called the "Paris of the Middle East."

Lesotho (Maseru)

Lesotho, a landlocked country in southern Africa, is unique for its high-altitude terrain and traditional Basotho culture. Maseru, its capital, is a growing urban center surrounded by mountains and rural villages.

Liberia (Monrovia)

Liberia, in West Africa, is known for its historical ties to freed African-American slaves and its beautiful coastline. Monrovia, its capital, is a coastal city that reflects the country’s resilience and cultural diversity.

Libya (Tripoli)

Libya, in North Africa, is rich in oil resources and history, with ancient Roman ruins like Leptis Magna. Tripoli, its capital, blends Mediterranean architecture with modern development, despite recent conflicts.

Liechtenstein (Vaduz)

Liechtenstein, a small Alpine country in Europe, is known for its castles, hiking trails, and banking industry. Vaduz, its capital, is a picturesque town with museums and views of the surrounding mountains.

Lithuania (Vilnius)

Lithuania, in the Baltics, is known for its medieval castles, lush forests, and vibrant traditions. Vilnius, its capital, features a well-preserved old town and a thriving cultural and artistic community.

Luxembourg (Luxembourg City)

Luxembourg, a small European country, is a financial hub known for its medieval fortifications and high quality of life. Luxembourg City, its capital, combines historic sites with modern institutions.

Madagascar (Antananarivo)

Madagascar, an island nation off Africa's coast, is famed for its unique biodiversity, including lemurs and baobab trees. Antananarivo, its capital, is a bustling city with a mix of history, culture, and vibrant markets.

Malawi (Lilongwe)

Malawi, in southern Africa, is known as the "Warm Heart of Africa" for its friendly people and stunning Lake Malawi. Lilongwe, its capital, is a peaceful city surrounded by beautiful countryside.

Malaysia (Kuala Lumpur)

Malaysia, in Southeast Asia, is known for its diverse culture, modern cities, and natural beauty, including rainforests and islands. Kuala Lumpur, its capital, features the iconic Petronas Towers and vibrant street markets.

Maldives (Malé)

The Maldives, a tropical paradise in the Indian Ocean, is famous for its white-sand beaches, coral reefs, and luxury resorts. Malé, its capital, is a densely populated city surrounded by turquoise waters.

Mali (Bamako)

Mali, in West Africa, is known for its ancient cities like Timbuktu and vibrant musical traditions. Bamako, its capital, is a cultural hub with bustling markets and a rich history.

Malta (Valletta)

Malta, in the Mediterranean, is known for its historic sites, stunning coastlines, and unique blend of cultures. Valletta, its capital, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site with Baroque architecture and a rich history.

Marshall Islands (Majuro)

The Marshall Islands, in the Pacific, is a nation of coral atolls known for its marine biodiversity and WWII history. Majuro, its capital, is a hub of culture and commerce.

Mauritania (Nouakchott)

Mauritania, in West Africa, is characterized by its vast desert landscapes and rich nomadic culture. Nouakchott, its capital, is a growing city reflecting the country's blend of tradition and modernity.

Mauritius (Port Louis)

Mauritius, an island nation in the Indian Ocean, is known for its beaches, coral reefs, and multicultural society. Port Louis, its capital, is a lively city with markets, museums, and colonial history.

Mexico (Mexico City)

Mexico, in North America, is known for its ancient civilizations, vibrant culture, and stunning natural beauty. Mexico City, its capital, is a sprawling metropolis with historic landmarks like the Zócalo and modern attractions.

Micronesia (Palikir)

Micronesia, a Pacific island nation, is known for its turquoise lagoons, diverse marine life, and traditional culture. Palikir, its capital, is a quiet town surrounded by natural beauty.

Moldova (Chi?in?u)

Moldova, in Eastern Europe, is known for its wineries, monasteries, and rich agricultural traditions. Chi?in?u, its capital, is a green city with Soviet-era architecture and vibrant markets.

Monaco (Monaco)

Monaco, a tiny city-state on the French Riviera, is famous for its luxury lifestyle, casino, and Formula 1 Grand Prix. Monaco, its capital, is a glamorous destination for the wealthy and tourists alike.

Mongolia (Ulaanbaatar)

Mongolia, in East Asia, is known for its nomadic culture, vast steppes, and Gobi Desert. Ulaanbaatar, its capital, is a growing city blending traditional yurts with modern skyscrapers.

Montenegro (Podgorica)

Montenegro, in the Balkans, is known for its stunning Adriatic coastline, medieval towns, and mountainous landscapes. Podgorica, its capital, is a small but vibrant city with a mix of modern and historic charm.

Morocco (Rabat)

Morocco, in North Africa, is known for its vibrant markets, historic cities like Marrakesh, and the Atlas Mountains. Rabat, its capital, combines traditional architecture with modern development.

Mozambique (Maputo)

Mozambique, in southern Africa, is known for its stunning beaches, marine parks, and cultural heritage. Maputo, its capital, is a lively port city with colonial-era architecture and bustling markets.

Myanmar (Naypyidaw)

Myanmar, in Southeast Asia, is known for its ancient temples like Bagan, diverse ethnic cultures, and scenic landscapes. Naypyidaw, its capital, is a modern city built to showcase national pride.

Namibia (Windhoek)

Namibia, in southern Africa, is renowned for its vast deserts like the Namib, diverse wildlife, and unique landscapes. Windhoek, its capital, is a vibrant city with German colonial influences and a growing tourism industry.

Nauru (No official capital, government offices in Yaren)

Nauru, the smallest island nation in the world, is located in the Pacific Ocean. Known for phosphate mining and its rich marine life, it has no official capital, but Yaren hosts the government offices.

Nepal (Kathmandu)

Nepal, nestled in the Himalayas, is famous for Mount Everest, trekking, and its ancient cultural heritage. Kathmandu, its capital, is a historic city with temples, stupas, and vibrant traditions.

Netherlands (Amsterdam)

The Netherlands, in Western Europe, is known for its canals, tulip fields, and windmills. Amsterdam, its capital, is a cultural hub with museums, historic sites, and a liberal, progressive vibe.

New Zealand (Wellington)

New Zealand, in the South Pacific, is known for its stunning landscapes, Maori culture, and outdoor adventures. Wellington, its capital, is a cultural and artistic center surrounded by beautiful natural scenery.

Nicaragua (Managua)

Nicaragua, in Central America, is known for its volcanic landscapes, pristine beaches, and colonial cities like Granada. Managua, its capital, is a bustling city set near scenic lakes.

Niger (Niamey)

Niger, in West Africa, is known for its vast desert landscapes, rich cultural traditions, and iconic Air Mountains. Niamey, its capital, lies on the Niger River and is the country’s economic and political hub.

Nigeria (Abuja)

Nigeria, in West Africa, is Africa's most populous country, known for its oil, Nollywood film industry, and cultural diversity. Abuja, its capital, is a planned city that serves as the nation’s political center.

North Macedonia (Skopje)

North Macedonia, in Southeast Europe, is known for its rich history, ancient ruins, and mountainous landscapes. Skopje, its capital, features Ottoman-era architecture and a modern cityscape.

Norway (Oslo)

Norway, in Scandinavia, is famous for its fjords, Viking history, and high standard of living. Oslo, its capital, is a modern city with museums, green spaces, and a commitment to sustainability.

Oman (Muscat)

Oman, in the Middle East, is known for its desert landscapes, stunning coastline, and historic forts. Muscat, its capital, is a blend of traditional Arab culture and modern development, with vibrant markets and beautiful mosques

Pakistan (Islamabad)

Pakistan, in South Asia, is known for its rich history, diverse landscapes, and cultural heritage. Islamabad, its capital, is a modern, planned city with scenic parks and government institutions.

Palau (Ngerulmud)

Palau, a Pacific island nation, is known for its stunning marine biodiversity and unique rock islands. Ngerulmud, its capital, is one of the smallest and least populated capitals in the world.

Palestine (East Jerusalem, Ramallah as administrative capital)

Palestine, in the Middle East, is known for its historical and religious significance. East Jerusalem is its claimed capital, while Ramallah serves as its administrative center amidst ongoing geopolitical challenges.

Panama (Panama City)

Panama, in Central America, is famous for the Panama Canal, tropical rainforests, and vibrant culture. Panama City, its capital, is a modern metropolis with a historic old quarter.

Papua New Guinea (Port Moresby)

Papua New Guinea, in the Pacific, is known for its cultural diversity, rainforests, and marine life. Port Moresby, its capital, is a coastal city with a mix of traditional and modern influences.

Paraguay (Asunción)

Paraguay, in South America, is a landlocked nation known for its Guarani culture, Jesuit ruins, and rivers. Asunción, its capital, is a historic city with colonial landmarks and vibrant local traditions.

Peru (Lima)

Peru, in South America, is known for Machu Picchu, the Andes, and its rich Inca heritage. Lima, its capital, is a coastal city with a mix of colonial history, modern development, and renowned cuisine.

Philippines (Manila)

The Philippines, an archipelago in Southeast Asia, is famous for its beaches, festivals, and vibrant culture. Manila, its capital, is a bustling city blending Spanish colonial history with modern urban life.

Poland (Warsaw)

Poland, in Central Europe, is known for its medieval towns, vibrant culture, and resilience through history. Warsaw, its capital, has been rebuilt after WWII and features modern architecture alongside historic sites.

Portugal (Lisbon)

Portugal, in Southern Europe, is known for its maritime history, stunning coastlines, and wine. Lisbon, its capital, is a city of cobblestone streets, historic landmarks, and vibrant culture.

Qatar (Doha)

Qatar, in the Middle East, is known for its oil and gas wealth, modern architecture, and hosting global events. Doha, its capital, is a futuristic city with luxury shopping, cultural museums, and a beautiful coastline.

Romania (Bucharest)

Romania, in Eastern Europe, is known for its Carpathian Mountains, medieval castles, and folklore. Bucharest, its capital, is a vibrant city with a mix of historic and modern architecture.

Russia (Moscow)

Russia, the largest country in the world, is known for its diverse landscapes, rich history, and cultural contributions. Moscow, its capital, is home to iconic landmarks like the Kremlin and Red Square.

Rwanda (Kigali)

Rwanda, in East Africa, is known for its mountain gorillas, scenic landscapes, and remarkable recovery from its history of conflict. Kigali, its capital, is a clean and rapidly developing city.

Saint Kitts and Nevis (Basseterre)

Saint Kitts and Nevis, a Caribbean twin-island nation, is known for its pristine beaches, lush rainforests, and volcanic landscapes. Basseterre, its capital, is a charming port city with colonial architecture and vibrant local culture.

Saint Lucia (Castries)

Saint Lucia, in the Caribbean, is famous for its dramatic Pitons, volcanic beaches, and vibrant Creole culture. Castries, its capital, is a bustling city with markets, historic sites, and access to natural wonders.

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (Kingstown)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is an archipelago known for its sailing, coral reefs, and lush landscapes. Kingstown, its capital, is a small but lively city with colonial buildings and botanical gardens.

Samoa (Apia)

Samoa, in the Pacific, is a Polynesian island nation known for its waterfalls, beaches, and traditional culture. Apia, its capital, is a laid-back town with markets and historical sites like Robert Louis Stevenson’s house.

San Marino (San Marino)

San Marino, a microstate in Europe, is known for being one of the world’s oldest republics. Its capital, also called San Marino, is a medieval town set on Mount Titano with stunning views and historic architecture.

Sao Tome and Principe (São Tomé)

Sao Tome and Principe, in the Gulf of Guinea, is an island nation known for its unspoiled beaches, rainforests, and cocoa production. São Tomé, its capital, is a quaint city with Portuguese colonial charm.

Saudi Arabia (Riyadh)

Saudi Arabia, in the Middle East, is known for its vast deserts, oil wealth, and Islamic heritage. Riyadh, its capital, is a modern metropolis with towering skyscrapers and a growing cultural scene.

Senegal (Dakar)

Senegal, in West Africa, is known for its vibrant music, beautiful beaches, and historical sites like Gorée Island. Dakar, its capital, is a bustling city and a cultural hub with a dynamic arts scene.

Serbia (Belgrade)

Serbia, in Southeast Europe, is known for its historic sites, vibrant culture, and scenic rivers. Belgrade, its capital, is one of Europe’s oldest cities and features a mix of historic landmarks and lively nightlife.

Seychelles (Victoria)

Seychelles, an island nation in the Indian Ocean, is known for its pristine beaches, coral reefs, and unique wildlife. Victoria, its capital, is one of the smallest capitals in the world and a gateway to the islands.

Sierra Leone (Freetown)

Sierra Leone, in West Africa, is known for its beautiful beaches, diamond resources, and rich history. Freetown, its capital, is a historic port city with landmarks like the Cotton Tree and vibrant markets.

Singapore (Singapore)

Singapore, a city-state in Southeast Asia, is known for its futuristic skyline, efficient governance, and multicultural society. It’s a global financial hub and a leader in urban planning and green initiatives.

Slovakia (Bratislava)

Slovakia, in Central Europe, is known for its medieval castles, mountainous landscapes, and vibrant folk traditions. Bratislava, its capital, sits on the Danube River and offers a charming mix of old-world charm and modernity.

Slovenia (Ljubljana)

Slovenia, in Central Europe, is known for its stunning Alps, lakes like Bled, and vibrant cultural life. Ljubljana, its capital, is a green city with a charming old town and lively artistic community.

Solomon Islands (Honiara)

The Solomon Islands, in the Pacific, is an archipelago known for its marine biodiversity and WWII history. Honiara, its capital, is a growing city with a mix of cultural and historical attractions.

Somalia (Mogadishu)

Somalia, in the Horn of Africa, is known for its strategic location, rich cultural heritage, and long coastline. Mogadishu, its capital, is a historic city rebuilding after decades of conflict.

South Africa (Pretoria, Cape Town, Bloemfontein)

South Africa, at the southern tip of Africa, is famous for its diverse wildlife, natural beauty, and history of apartheid. Its three capitals reflect its administrative (Pretoria), legislative (Cape Town), and judicial (Bloemfontein) centers.

South Sudan (Juba)

South Sudan, the youngest country in the world, is known for its Nile River, cultural diversity, and ongoing efforts to stabilize after independence. Juba, its capital, is a growing city with a rich cultural scene.

Spain (Madrid)

Spain, in Southern Europe, is known for its rich history, vibrant festivals, and diverse landscapes. Madrid, its capital, is a cultural hub with world-class museums, historic landmarks, and lively nightlife.

Sri Lanka (Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte, Colombo)

Sri Lanka, an island nation in South Asia, is famous for its ancient temples, tea plantations, and wildlife. Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte is the administrative capital, while Colombo is the commercial hub.

Sudan (Khartoum)

Sudan, in North Africa, is known for its pyramids, Nile River, and rich cultural heritage. Khartoum, its capital, lies at the confluence of the Blue and White Nile.

Suriname (Paramaribo)

Suriname, in South America, is known for its tropical rainforests, Dutch colonial history, and diverse culture. Paramaribo, its capital, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site with unique wooden architecture.

Sweden (Stockholm)

Sweden, in Scandinavia, is known for its innovative design, natural beauty, and high standard of living. Stockholm, its capital, is an archipelago city blending history, modernity, and sustainability.

Switzerland (Bern)

Switzerland, in Central Europe, is known for its Alps, chocolates, and banking industry. Bern, its capital, is a charming city with medieval architecture and picturesque views.

Syria (Damascus)

Syria, in the Middle East, is known for its ancient history and significant archaeological sites. Damascus, its capital, is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world.

Tajikistan (Dushanbe)

Tajikistan, in Central Asia, is known for its rugged mountains, including the Pamirs, and ancient Silk Road heritage. Dushanbe, its capital, is a tranquil city with Soviet-era architecture and vibrant cultural traditions.

Tanzania (Dodoma)

Tanzania, in East Africa, is famous for its wildlife safaris, Mount Kilimanjaro, and the Serengeti. Dodoma, its capital, is a growing administrative hub, while Dar es Salaam remains the country’s economic center.

Thailand (Bangkok)

Thailand, in Southeast Asia, is known for its vibrant culture, stunning temples, and tropical beaches. Bangkok, its bustling capital, is a city of contrasts, with modern skyscrapers, historic sites, and lively street markets.

Timor-Leste (Dili)

Timor-Leste, in Southeast Asia, is a young nation known for its stunning coastlines, rich history, and cultural diversity. Dili, its capital, is a peaceful city reflecting the country’s journey toward development.

Togo (Lomé)

Togo, in West Africa, is known for its palm-lined beaches, traditional crafts, and vibrant culture. Lomé, its capital, is a port city with bustling markets and a mix of colonial and modern influences.

Tonga (Nuku?alofa)

Tonga, in the South Pacific, is a Polynesian kingdom known for its unspoiled beaches, coral reefs, and rich traditions. Nuku?alofa, its capital, is a quiet town offering insights into Tongan culture and history.

Trinidad and Tobago (Port of Spain)

Trinidad and Tobago, in the Caribbean, is famous for its Carnival, steelpan music, and diverse culture. Port of Spain, its capital, is a lively city with a mix of colonial history and modern vibrancy.

Tunisia (Tunis)

Tunisia, in North Africa, is known for its ancient Carthaginian history, Mediterranean beaches, and Sahara Desert. Tunis, its capital, is a vibrant city blending Islamic and colonial architecture.

Turkey (Ankara)

Turkey, straddling Europe and Asia, is famous for its historic sites like Hagia Sophia, rich cuisine, and vibrant culture. Ankara, its capital, is a modern city, while Istanbul remains its cultural and economic heart.

Turkmenistan (Ashgabat)

Turkmenistan, in Central Asia, is known for its vast deserts, ancient Silk Road history, and natural gas reserves. Ashgabat, its capital, is a unique city with marble architecture and grand monuments.

Tuvalu (Funafuti)

Tuvalu, in the Pacific, is one of the world’s smallest nations, known for its coral atolls and rich marine life. Funafuti, its capital, is a serene town facing challenges from climate change and rising sea levels.

Uganda (Kampala)

Uganda, in East Africa, is known for its stunning landscapes, including Lake Victoria and mountain gorillas. Kampala, its capital, is a lively city with a mix of cultural traditions and modern growth.

Ukraine (Kyiv)

Ukraine, in Eastern Europe, is known for its rich history, Orthodox churches, and fertile plains. Kyiv, its capital, is a historic city with landmarks like Saint Sophia Cathedral and vibrant cultural life.

United Arab Emirates (Abu Dhabi)

The UAE, in the Middle East, is famous for its oil wealth, futuristic cities, and luxury lifestyle. Abu Dhabi, its capital, is a modern city with iconic architecture and cultural landmarks.

United Kingdom (London)

The UK, in Europe, is known for its monarchy, historical landmarks, and cultural influence. London, its capital, is a global city with iconic sites like Buckingham Palace, the Tower of London, and Big Ben.

United States of America (Washington, D.C.)

The USA, in North America, is the third-largest country in the world, known for its diverse landscapes, global influence, and innovation. Washington, D.C., its capital, is home to landmarks like the White House and the Capitol.

Uruguay (Montevideo)

Uruguay, in South America, is known for its beaches, relaxed lifestyle, and vibrant culture. Montevideo, its capital, is a coastal city with colonial architecture, a thriving arts scene, and friendly locals.

Uzbekistan (Tashkent)

Uzbekistan, in Central Asia, is known for its Silk Road cities like Samarkand and Bukhara, as well as its rich cultural heritage. Tashkent, its capital, is a modern city with historic mosques and vibrant markets.

Vanuatu (Port Vila)

Vanuatu, in the Pacific, is known for its volcanic islands, diving spots, and rich cultural traditions. Port Vila, its capital, is a picturesque town offering a blend of relaxation and adventure.

Vatican City (Vatican City)

Vatican City, the world’s smallest country, is the spiritual and administrative center of the Roman Catholic Church. It is home to landmarks like St. Peter’s Basilica and the Sistine Chapel.

Venezuela (Caracas)

Venezuela, in South America, is known for its oil reserves, Angel Falls (the world’s highest waterfall), and cultural diversity. Caracas, its capital, is a vibrant city set in a valley surrounded by mountains.

Vietnam (Hanoi)

Vietnam, in Southeast Asia, is famous for its history, stunning landscapes, and vibrant culture. Hanoi, its capital, features historic landmarks like the Old Quarter and Hoan Kiem Lake.

Yemen (Sana’a)

Yemen, in the Middle East, is known for its ancient cities, stunning architecture, and rich history. Sana’a, its capital, is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities, though it faces challenges due to ongoing conflict.

Zambia (Lusaka)

Zambia, in southern Africa, is known for its national parks, Victoria Falls, and wildlife safaris. Lusaka, its capital, is a growing city that serves as the nation’s economic and political center.

Zimbabwe (Harare)

Zimbabwe, in southern Africa, is famous for its iconic Victoria Falls, wildlife, and ancient ruins like Great Zimbabwe. Harare, its capital, is a vibrant city with a mix of modernity and cultural heritage.

Fun facts about countries

• Russia: Covers 17.1 million square kilometers, making it the largest country in the world, spanning Europe and Asia.
• Vatican City: At just 0.44 square kilometers, it is the smallest independent country, located within Rome, Italy.
• China: With over 1.4 billion people, it is the most populous country, followed closely by India.
• Vatican City: With fewer than 1,000 residents, it also holds the record for the smallest population.
• United States: Leads the world in GDP with an economy valued at over $25 trillion as of 2024.
• Burundi: Often ranked as the poorest nation in terms of GDP per capita due to economic struggles.
• Bangladesh: Consistently ranks as the most polluted due to high levels of air pollution, particularly in urban areas.
• Switzerland: Known for its pristine environment and sustainable practices, it frequently tops environmental performance indexes.
• Sweden: Has over 267,000 islands, the most of any country in the world.
• Chile: The Atacama Desert in northern Chile is the driest place on Earth, with some areas receiving no rainfall for decades.
• India: The town of Mawsynram in India holds the record for the highest annual rainfall.
• Bhutan: Known as the "Roof of the World," with its average elevation being among the highest globally.
• Maldives: The flattest country, with its highest natural point just 2.4 meters above sea level.
• San Marino: Established in 301 AD, it is considered the oldest surviving sovereign state.
• South Sudan: Gained independence in 2011, making it the youngest country in the world.
• India: The world's largest democracy, with over 900 million eligible voters.
• Luxembourg: Frequently ranks as the wealthiest country by GDP per capita.
• France: Attracts over 80 million tourists annually, making it the most visited country.
• Finland: Regularly ranked as the happiest country in the world due to high living standards and social support.
• Canada: Has the world's longest coastline, stretching over 202,080 kilometers.
• China and Russia: Each share borders with 14 countries, the most of any nation.
• Papua New Guinea: Over 800 languages are spoken, making it the most linguistically diverse country.

Russia (Oymyakon): Holds the record for the coldest temperature in an inhabited location, at −67.7°C (−89.9°F).