15-01-2025

Who wrote the national anthem of India ?

By JAIN College

The national anthem of India, "Jana Gana Mana", was written by Rabindranath Tagore, a renowned poet, philosopher, and the first non-European to win the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913. Originally composed in Bengali, it was later adopted as the national anthem on January 24, 1950. Its profound lyrics celebrate the unity, diversity, and rich cultural heritage of India.

Rabindranath Tagore Biography

Aspect	Details
Full Name	Rabindranath Tagore (Also known as Gurudev)
Birth Date	May 7, 1861
Birth Place	Jorasanko Thakurbari, Kolkata, India
Parents	Father: Debendranath Tagore, Mother: Sarada Devi
Education	Initially homeschooled; later studied at University College London but did not complete his degree
Languages Known	Bengali, English, Sanskrit, and other Indian languages
Profession	Poet, Author, Philosopher, Composer, Playwright, Artist, Social Reformer
Notable Works	Gitanjali, The Home and the World, Gora, Kabuliwala
Major Achievements	- First non-European to win the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913 for "Gitanjali"
	- Composed the national anthems of India ("Jana Gana Mana") and Bangladesh ("Amar Shonar Bangla")
Philosophical Beliefs	Advocated for universal humanism, freedom, and education
Educational Contributions	Founded Visva-Bharati University at Santiniketan in 1921
Artistic Contributions	Pioneered the use of modern Bengali literature and music; also a painter in his later years
Political Views	Criticized colonialism, rejected knighthood after the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre in 1919
Awards and Honors	- Nobel Prize in Literature (1913)
Family Life	Married Mrinalini Devi in 1883; had five children
Death	August 7, 1941, in Kolkata, India
Legacy	Considered one of the greatest literary figures of India; his works continue to inspire globally

Rabindranath Tagore's Works

Category	Major Works	Themes and Highlights
Poetry	- Gitanjali (Song Offerings)	Spiritual devotion, Nobel Prize-winning collection.
	- Sonar Tari (The Golden Boat)	Reflection on life’s fleeting nature.
	- Manasi (The Ideal One)	Romantic and introspective poetry.
	- Balaka (The Flight of Cranes)	Symbolism of aspirations and elevation.
	- Kheya (The Ferry)	Journey of life and existential musings.
Novels	- Chokher Bali (A Grain of Sand)	Love, betrayal, and societal expectations.
	- Gora	Identity, religion, and nationalism.
	- Ghare Baire (The Home and the World)	Personal vs political conflicts during the Swadeshi movement.
	- Shesher Kobita (The Last Poem)	Love, self-awareness, and lyrical beauty.
Short Stories	- Kabuliwala	Emotional bond between a trader and a girl.
	- Postmaster	Loneliness and unspoken affection.
	- The Hungry Stones	Supernatural and mystical themes.
	- Samapti (The Conclusion)	Love and independence.
Plays	- Dak Ghar (The Post Office)	Metaphor for freedom and hope.
	- Raktakarabi (Red Oleanders)	Critique of industrial greed and exploitation.
	- Chandalika	Caste discrimination and human dignity.
	- Tasher Desh (The Land of Cards)	Satire on conformity and freedom.
Songs (Rabindra Sangeet)	- Over 2,000 songs, including:	A blend of classical, folk, and devotional music.
	- Jana Gana Mana (Indian National Anthem)	National pride and unity.
	- Amar Shonar Bangla (Bangladeshi National Anthem)	Patriotism and love for the land.
Essays and Prose	- Sadhana	Spiritual exploration and philosophy.
	- Nationalism	Critique of narrow nationalism.
	- The Religion of Man	Universal spirituality and human unity.
	- Creative Unity	Essays on art, culture, and harmony.
Letters	- Letters to a Friend	Insights into his personal and creative life.
	- Selected Letters of Rabindranath Tagore	Reflections on relationships, philosophy, and society.
Paintings	- Over 2,000 artworks	Abstract style with vibrant colors and imaginative themes.

How "Jana Gana Mana" Aligns with Tagore’s Philosophy and Vision of India

Rabindranath Tagore was a visionary who believed in the unity of mankind, the power of education, and the spiritual harmony of a diverse world. "Jana Gana Mana" beautifully encapsulates these ideals in several ways:

Celebration of Diversity:

The anthem acknowledges the vast diversity of India, mentioning different regions, rivers, and cultures, emphasizing unity amidst variety.
Tagore believed that a truly united nation respects and celebrates its differences, a message that resonates deeply in "Jana Gana Mana."

Focus on Spiritual and Universal Values:

The anthem invokes a divine power as the guiding force of the nation. This reflects Tagore’s spiritual outlook, where he saw the divine presence in every aspect of life.
His works often highlight a blend of humanism and spirituality, fostering a connection between people and higher ideals.

Vision of Progress and Harmony:

Tagore envisioned a progressive, enlightened India. The anthem mirrors this vision by inspiring a sense of pride and collective responsibility among citizens.

Global Outlook:

Tagore was a global thinker who wanted India to rise as a beacon of peace and harmony in the world. The anthem reflects this aspiration by focusing on shared destiny and collective effort.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Rabindranath Tagore wrote "Jana Gana Mana," which was originally composed in Bengali. It was later adopted as the national anthem of India on January 24, 1950.

"Vande Mataram" was written by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee in his novel Anandamath (1882). It became a source of inspiration during India’s freedom struggle. "Jana Gana Mana" was written by Rabindranath Tagore, reflecting the unity and diversity of India.

The national anthem of India, "Jana Gana Mana," was first written and composed by Rabindranath Tagore in 1911. It was performed at the Calcutta (now Kolkata) session of the Indian National Congress in the same year.

Rabindranath Tagore was a world-renowned poet, writer, composer, and philosopher. He was the first non-European to win the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913 for his collection of poems, Gitanjali. He is also famous for writing India’s national anthem, "Jana Gana Mana," and Bangladesh’s national anthem, "Amar Shonar Bangla."

"Gitanjali," or Song Offerings, was written by Rabindranath Tagore. This collection of poems, deeply rooted in spirituality and devotion, earned him the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913.

About the Author

JAIN College

JAIN PU College, a part of the renowned JGI Group, is committed to empowering students with quality education. Beyond academics, the college ensures its online content reflects the same standard of excellence. Every blog and article is meticulously vetted and proofread by subject matter experts to ensure accuracy, relevance, and clarity. From insightful educational topics to engaging discussions, JAIN PU College's content is crafted to inform, inspire, and add value to its readers, reflecting the institution's commitment to intellectual growth and innovation.

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